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Handbook on TDS & TCS Ready Reckoner 2026
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| Book Name | Handbook on TDS & TCS Ready Reckoner 2026 |
| Author | Dr. B. Ramaswamy |
| Publisher | Bharat Publishers |
| Edition | 1st edn., 2026 |
| ISBN | 978-81-6944-992-2 |
| Pages | 808 |
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Description
Handbook on TDS & TCS Ready Reckoner 2026 – 1st Edition by Dr. B. Ramaswamy is a comprehensive reference book designed to help readers understand and refer to the provisions relating to Tax Deduction at Source (TDS) and Tax Collection at Source (TCS) under Indian tax laws.
Published by Bharat Publishers, this 808-page handbook is a useful resource for Chartered Accountants, tax consultants, advocates, accountants, finance professionals, tax practitioners, and businesses handling TDS and TCS compliance.
The Ready Reckoner format makes it a handy reference for professionals seeking to understand TDS and TCS provisions, applicable tax obligations, and compliance requirements. It is also a valuable addition to the professional library of students and individuals involved in taxation and financial management.
Book Details
- Book Name: Handbook on TDS & TCS Ready Reckoner 2026
- Author: Dr. B. Ramaswamy
- Publisher: Bharat Publishers
- Edition: 1st Edition, 2026
- ISBN: 978-81-6944-992-2
- Pages: 808
Special Offer: Enjoy a flat 25% discount for a limited period, along with free shipping.
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| Chapter No. | Particulars | Page No. |
|---|---|---|
| Preface | 7 | |
| TDS & TCS Mapping Sheet | 9 | |
| PART I – Foundations of TDS and TCS | ||
| 1 | Introduction to Tax Deducted at Source and Tax Collected at Source | 1 |
| 2 | Purpose, Policy and Revenue Logic of TDS and TCS | 16 |
| 3 | Evolution of TDS and TCS Law in India | 34 |
| 4 | TDS and TCS under the Income-tax Act, 2025 | 39 |
| 5 | Transition from the Income-tax Act, 1961 to the Income-tax Act, 2025 | 44 |
| 6 | Key Definitions for TDS and TCS | 49 |
| 7 | Difference between TDS, TCS, Advance Tax and Self-Assessment Tax | 55 |
| 8 | Persons Responsible for Deduction and Collection | 59 |
| 9 | Timing of Deduction and Collection | 65 |
| 10 | Residential Status and its Relevance for TDS and TCS | 70 |
| PART II – TDS Rate Structure and General Rules | ||
| 11 | TDS Rate Chart for FY 2026-27 | 76 |
| 12 | TDS Threshold Limits for FY 2026-27 | 80 |
| 13 | TDS Codes and Reporting Structure under the New Law | 83 |
| 14 | Rates Where PAN is Available | 86 |
| 15 | Rates Where PAN Is Not Available | 88 |
| 16 | Specified Non-Filers: Legacy Rule and Current Position | 91 |
| 17 | Surcharge and Health and Education Cess in TDS | 93 |
| 18 | Rounding Off of TDS Amounts | 95 |
| 19 | Grossing Up of Tax | 97 |
| 20 | TDS on Net Amount Versus Gross Amount | 99 |
| 21 | TDS on GST Component | 101 |
| 22 | TDS on Reimbursements | 103 |
| 23 | TDS on Composite Contracts | 106 |
| 24 | TDS on Provisions and Year-End Accruals | 109 |
| 25 | TDS on Advance Payments | 112 |
| PART III – TDS on Salary | ||
| 26 | TDS on Salary: Core Principles | 115 |
| 27 | Employer’s Responsibility for Salary TDS | 119 |
| 28 | Estimation of Annual Salary Income | 123 |
| 29 | New Tax Regime and Old Tax Regime for Salary TDS | 126 |
| 30 | Standard Deduction and Salary TDS | 128 |
| 31 | Perquisites and Valuation Rules | 130 |
| 32 | Allowances, Exemptions and Deductions | 133 |
| 33 | TDS on Bonus, Incentives and Arrears | 136 |
| 34 | TDS on Leave Encashment | 139 |
| 35 | TDS on Gratuity | 141 |
| 36 | TDS on Provident Fund Payments | 143 |
| 37 | TDS on Pension and Family Pension | 145 |
| 38 | TDS on Salary from Multiple Employers | 147 |
| 39 | Form 12BB and Employee Declarations | 149 |
| 40 | Form 16: Structure, Issue and Reconciliation | 151 |
| PART IV – TDS on Payments to Residents | ||
| 41 | TDS on Interest Other Than Interest on Securities | 154 |
| 42 | TDS on Interest on Securities | 157 |
| 43 | TDS on Dividend | 159 |
| 44 | TDS on Rent | 161 |
| 45 | TDS on Professional Fees | 164 |
| 46 | TDS on Technical Services | 166 |
| 47 | TDS on Royalty | 168 |
| 48 | TDS on Commission and Brokerage | 170 |
| 49 | TDS on Contract Payments | 172 |
| 50 | TDS on Manpower Supply Services | 175 |
| 51 | TDS on Advertising Contracts | 177 |
| 52 | TDS on Transport Contractors | 179 |
| 53 | TDS on Insurance Commission | 181 |
| 54 | TDS on Payments to Directors | 183 |
| 55 | TDS on Payments to Partners by Firms | 185 |
| 56 | TDS on Non-Compete Fees | 187 |
| 57 | TDS on Winning from Lottery and Games | 189 |
| 58 | TDS on Online Gaming | 191 |
| 59 | TDS on Horse Race Winnings | 193 |
| 60 | TDS on Cash Withdrawals | 195 |
| 61 | TDS on Purchase of Goods | 197 |
| 62 | TDS on E-Commerce Transactions | 199 |
| 63 | TDS on Virtual Digital Assets | 201 |
| 64 | TDS on Immovable Property Transactions | 203 |
| 65 | TDS on Compensation and Acquisition Payments | 205 |
| PART V – TDS on Non-Resident Payments | ||
| 66 | TDS on Payments to Non-Residents | 208 |
| 67 | Residential Status and Source Rules | 212 |
| 68 | TDS on Foreign Companies | 215 |
| 69 | TDS on Fees for Technical Services to Non-Residents | 218 |
| 70 | TDS on Royalty to Non-Residents | 221 |
| 71 | TDS on Interest to Non-Residents | 224 |
| 72 | TDS on Dividend to Non-Residents | 226 |
| 73 | TDS on Capital Gains of Non-Residents | 228 |
| 74 | TDS on Sale of Immovable Property by Non-Residents | 231 |
| 75 | PAN-Based TDS on NRI Property Transactions | 233 |
| 76 | TDS on Foreign Institutional Investors | 235 |
| 77 | TDS on External Commercial Borrowings | 237 |
| 78 | TDS on Software Payments | 239 |
| 79 | TDS on Cloud, SaaS and Digital Services | 241 |
| 80 | TDS on Cross-Border Service Contracts | 244 |
| 81 | DTAA Relief and Treaty Rates | 246 |
| 82 | Tax Residency Certificate and Form No. 41 | 249 |
| 83 | Beneficial Ownership and Treaty Eligibility | 252 |
| 84 | Equalisation Levy: Legacy Position and TDS Interplay | 254 |
| 85 | Form No. 145 and Form No. 146 | 257 |
| PART VI – TCS Framework | ||
| 86 | Introduction to TCS | 261 |
| 87 | TCS Rate Chart for FY 2026-27 | 264 |
| 88 | TCS Threshold Limits for FY 2026-27 | 266 |
| 89 | Persons Responsible for Collecting TCS | 268 |
| 90 | Timing of TCS Collection | 270 |
| 91 | TCS on Sale of Goods | 272 |
| 92 | TCS on Scrap | 274 |
| 93 | TCS on Minerals | 276 |
| 94 | TCS on Motor Vehicles | 278 |
| 95 | TCS on Parking Lots, Toll Plazas and Mining Rights | 280 |
| 96 | TCS on Overseas Tour Packages | 282 |
| 97 | TCS on Liberalised Remittance Scheme | 284 |
| 98 | TCS on Education and Medical Remittances | 286 |
| 99 | TCS on Foreign Travel and Foreign Exchange Transactions | 288 |
| 100 | TCS on E-Commerce and Digital Business Models | 290 |
| 101 | TCS and GST Interplay | 292 |
| 102 | TCS Credit to Buyer or Remitter | 294 |
| 103 | TCS Compliance for Sellers | 296 |
| 104 | TCS Corrections and Refund Issues | 298 |
| PART VII – Lower Deduction, Nil Deduction and Declarations | ||
| 105 | Lower Deduction Certificate | 300 |
| 106 | Nil Deduction Certificate | 303 |
| 107 | Automated System for Nil Deduction Certificates | 305 |
| 108 | Application Procedure for Lower or Nil Deduction | 308 |
| 109 | Validity and Use of Certificates | 311 |
| 110 | Form No. 121: General Declaration Framework | 313 |
| 111 | Form No. 121: Senior Citizen Declaration Framework | 315 |
| 112 | Depository Acceptance of Form No. 121 (Prospective from 1 April, 2027) | 317 |
| 113 | Declarations by Senior Citizens | 320 |
| 114 | Declarations by Non-Taxable Persons | 322 |
| 115 | Misuse of Forms and Consequences | 325 |
| 116 | Deductor’s Responsibility Before Accepting Declarations | 328 |
| PART VIII – TDS and TCS Compliance Lifecycle | ||
| 117 | TAN Registration | 331 |
| 118 | PAN and Aadhaar Validation | 334 |
| 119 | Deduction or Collection Process | 337 |
| 120 | Deposit of TDS and TCS | 340 |
| 121 | Challan Preparation and Payment | 342 |
| 122 | Challan Correction | 345 |
| 123 | Due Dates for Monthly Deposit | 347 |
| 124 | Due Dates for Quarterly Statements | 349 |
| 125 | Due Dates for Certificates | 351 |
| 126 | Compliance Calendar for FY 2026-27 | 353 |
| 127 | Interest for Delay in Deduction | 355 |
| 128 | Interest for Delay in Deposit | 357 |
| 129 | Fee for Late Filing | 359 |
| 130 | Penalty for Non-Compliance | 361 |
| 131 | Prosecution Risk in Serious Defaults | 364 |
| PART IX – TDS and TCS Returns | ||
| 132 | Overview of TDS and TCS Statements | 367 |
| 133 | Form 24Q | 369 |
| 134 | Form 26Q | 371 |
| 135 | Form 27Q | 373 |
| 136 | Form 27EQ | 375 |
| 137 | Form 26QB | 377 |
| 138 | Form 26QC | 379 |
| 139 | Form 26QD | 381 |
| 140 | Form 26QE | 383 |
| 141 | Annexures and Deductee Details | 385 |
| 142 | Challan Matching | 387 |
| 143 | Book Adjustment Entries | 389 |
| 144 | Nil Returns | 391 |
| 145 | Correction Statements | 393 |
| 146 | Defaults in TDS and TCS Returns | 395 |
| 147 | Justification Reports | 398 |
| 148 | Conso Files | 400 |
| 149 | Online Correction Through TRACES | 402 |
| 150 | Reconciliation Before Filing | 404 |
| PART X – TDS and TCS Certificates and Credits | ||
| 151 | Form 16 | 407 |
| 152 | Form 16A | 410 |
| 153 | Form 16B | 412 |
| 154 | Form 16C | 414 |
| 155 | Form 16D | 416 |
| 156 | Form 16E | 418 |
| 157 | TCS Certificates | 420 |
| 158 | Form 26AS | 422 |
| 159 | Annual Information Statement | 424 |
| 160 | Taxpayer Information Summary | 426 |
| 161 | Matching TDS and TCS Credits | 428 |
| 162 | Credit Mismatch and Resolution | 430 |
| 163 | Credit in Joint Transactions | 432 |
| 164 | Credit in Property Transactions | 434 |
| 165 | Credit for Non-Residents | 436 |
| 166 | Carry Forward and Claim of TDS/TCS Credit | 438 |
| PART XI – Sector-Specific TDS and TCS | ||
| 167 | TDS and TCS for Manufacturing Businesses | 441 |
| 168 | TDS and TCS for Trading Businesses | 444 |
| 169 | TDS and TCS for Service Providers | 447 |
| 170 | TDS and TCS for Startups | 449 |
| 171 | TDS and TCS for MSMEs | 451 |
| 172 | TDS and TCS for Banks and NBFCs | 453 |
| 173 | TDS and TCS for Insurance Companies | 455 |
| 174 | TDS and TCS for Real Estate Developers | 457 |
| 175 | TDS and TCS for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers | 459 |
| 176 | TDS and TCS for Educational Institutions | 462 |
| 177 | TDS and TCS for Charitable and Religious Trusts | 464 |
| 178 | TDS and TCS for Government Departments | 466 |
| 179 | TDS and TCS for Public Sector Undertakings | 468 |
| 180 | TDS and TCS for E-Commerce Operators | 470 |
| 181 | TDS and TCS for Exporters and Importers | 472 |
| 182 | TDS and TCS for IT and Software Companies | 474 |
| 183 | TDS and TCS for Media, Advertising and Entertainment | 477 |
| 184 | TDS and TCS for Transport and Logistics | 479 |
| 185 | TDS and TCS for Hotels, Travel and Tourism | 481 |
| PART XII – Transaction-Specific Practical Guidance | ||
| 186 | TDS on Vendor Payments | 484 |
| 187 | TDS on Consultant Payments | 487 |
| 188 | TDS on Freelancer Payments | 490 |
| 189 | TDS on Legal and Professional Fees | 492 |
| 190 | TDS on Audit Fees | 494 |
| 191 | TDS on Director Sitting Fees | 496 |
| 192 | TDS on Software Licences | 498 |
| 193 | TDS on Cloud and Subscription Payments | 500 |
| 194 | TDS on Marketing and Influencer Payments | 502 |
| 195 | TDS on Rent for Office Premises | 504 |
| 196 | TDS on Equipment Hire | 506 |
| 197 | TDS on Security Services | 508 |
| 198 | TDS on Facility Management | 511 |
| 199 | TDS on Event Management | 513 |
| 200 | TDS on Hotel Payments | 515 |
| 201 | TDS on Travel Agents | 517 |
| 202 | TDS on Construction Contracts | 520 |
| 203 | TDS on Works Contracts | 522 |
| 204 | TDS on Brokerage in Property Deals | 524 |
| 205 | TDS on Sale and Purchase of Immovable Property | 526 |
| PART XIII – Accounting, Audit and Internal Controls | ||
| 206 | Accounting Entries for TDS | 528 |
| 207 | Accounting Entries for TCS | 531 |
| 208 | TDS Payable and TCS Payable Ledgers | 533 |
| 209 | Vendor Master Controls | 535 |
| 210 | Customer Master Controls | 537 |
| 211 | TAN, PAN, and GSTIN Mapping | 539 |
| 212 | TDS and TCS Reconciliation with Books | 541 |
| 213 | Reconciliation with Form 26AS and AIS | 543 |
| 214 | Reconciliation with GST Returns | 545 |
| 215 | Year-End Provisioning Controls | 547 |
| 216 | Statutory Audit Review of TDS and TCS | 550 |
| 217 | Tax Audit Reporting of TDS and TCS | 553 |
| 218 | Internal Audit Checklist | 555 |
| 219 | Management Representation for TDS/TCS | 558 |
| 220 | Common Control Failures | 560 |
| PART XIV – Disallowances, Demands and Consequences | ||
| 221 | Disallowance for Non-Deduction of TDS | 563 |
| 222 | Disallowance for Short Deduction | 566 |
| 223 | Relief Where Payee Has Paid Tax | 568 |
| 224 | Assessee-in-Default Proceedings | 570 |
| 225 | Interest Computation | 572 |
| 226 | Late Filing Fee | 574 |
| 227 | Penalties under TDS and TCS Law | 576 |
| 228 | Prosecution for TDS and TCS Defaults | 578 |
| 229 | Demand Notices | 580 |
| 230 | Rectification of Demands | 582 |
| 231 | Adjustment of Refunds against Demands | 584 |
| 232 | Recovery Proceedings | 586 |
| 233 | Compounding of Offences | 588 |
| 234 | Reasonable Cause Defence | 590 |
| 235 | Practical Response to TDS/TCS Notices | 592 |
| PART XV – Disputes, Appeals and Litigation | ||
| 236 | Common TDS and TCS Disputes | 595 |
| 237 | Classification Disputes | 597 |
| 238 | Contract versus Professional Fee Disputes | 599 |
| 239 | Royalty versus Business Income Disputes | 601 |
| 240 | Software Payment Disputes | 603 |
| 241 | Reimbursement Disputes | 605 |
| 242 | TDS on Gross-Up Disputes | 607 |
| 243 | Non-Resident Withholding Disputes | 609 |
| 244 | Treaty-Based TDS Disputes | 611 |
| 245 | TDS on Composite Contracts | 613 |
| 246 | TCS Applicability Disputes | 615 |
| 247 | Appeals Before CIT(A) | 617 |
| 248 | Appeals Before ITAT | 619 |
| 249 | Writ Remedies in TDS/TCS Matters | 621 |
| 250 | Important Judicial Principles | 623 |
| PART XVI – Technology Platforms and e-Governance | ||
| 251 | Income Tax Portal for TDS and TCS | 625 |
| 252 | TRACES Portal | 627 |
| 253 | TIN-NSDL and Protean Systems | 629 |
| 254 | Online Challan Payment | 631 |
| 255 | Digital Signature and E-Verification | 633 |
| 256 | Downloading Form 16 and Form 16A | 635 |
| 257 | Downloading Justification Reports | 637 |
| 258 | Online Correction Facility | 639 |
| 259 | ERP Integration for TDS and TCS | 641 |
| 260 | Payroll Software Controls | 643 |
| 261 | Vendor Payment Automation | 645 |
| 262 | TDS/TCS Compliance Software | 647 |
| 263 | Data Validation Tools | 649 |
| 264 | Audit Trail and Documentation | 651 |
| 265 | Cybersecurity and Access Controls | 654 |
| PART XVII – Special Areas and Emerging Issues | ||
| 266 | TDS on Virtual Digital Assets | 657 |
| 267 | TDS on Crypto Transactions | 659 |
| 268 | TDS on Online Gaming and Digital Platforms | 661 |
| 269 | TDS on Creator Economy Payments | 664 |
| 270 | TDS on Influencer Marketing | 666 |
| 271 | TDS on App Store and Platform Payments | 668 |
| 272 | TDS on Gig Economy Payments | 670 |
| 273 | TDS on Cloud Computing Services | 672 |
| 274 | TDS on Artificial Intelligence and Software Services | 674 |
| 275 | TDS on Data Centre and Hosting Services | 676 |
| 276 | TDS on Cross-Border SaaS | 678 |
| 277 | TCS on Foreign Remittance Products | 680 |
| 278 | TCS on Overseas Education Payments | 682 |
| 279 | TCS on Medical Remittances | 684 |
| 280 | TCS on Luxury and High-Value Transactions | 686 |
| PART XVIII – Practical Ready Reckoner Tables | ||
| 281 | Master TDS Rate Table for FY 2026-27 | 688 |
| 282 | Master TCS Rate Table for FY 2026-27 | 690 |
| 283 | TDS Threshold Table | 692 |
| 284 | TCS Threshold Table | 694 |
| 285 | TDS Due Date Table | 696 |
| 286 | TCS Due Date Table | 698 |
| 287 | Return Filing Due Date Table | 700 |
| 288 | Certificate Issue Due Date Table | 702 |
| 289 | Interest and Penalty Table | 704 |
| 290 | Form-Wise Compliance Table | 706 |
| 291 | Payment-Wise TDS Classification Table | 708 |
| 292 | Vendor-Wise TDS Mapping Table | 710 |
| 293 | Non-Resident Payment Table | 712 |
| 294 | DTAA Documentation Table | 714 |
| 295 | Lower Deduction Certificate Table | 716 |
| PART XIX – Checklists, Formats and Templates | ||
| 296 | Monthly TDS Compliance Checklist | 718 |
| 297 | Monthly TCS Compliance Checklist | 720 |
| 298 | Quarterly Return Filing Checklist | 722 |
| 299 | Year-End TDS Checklist | 724 |
| 300 | Salary TDS Checklist | 726 |
| 301 | Vendor Onboarding Checklist | 728 |
| 302 | Non-Resident Payment Checklist | 730 |
| 303 | Form 15G and Form 15H Checklist | 732 |
| 304 | Lower Deduction Certificate Checklist | 734 |
| 305 | TDS Notice Response Checklist | 736 |
| 306 | TCS Notice Response Checklist | 738 |
| 307 | TDS Reconciliation Format | 740 |
| 308 | TCS Reconciliation Format | 742 |
| 309 | Challan Tracking Format | 744 |
| 310 | Deductee Master Format | 746 |
| PART XX – Reference Materials, FAQs and Compliance Guidance | ||
| 316 | Glossary of TDS and TCS Terms | 748 |
| 317 | Abbreviations and Short Forms | 750 |
| 318 | Important Forms | 752 |
| 319 | Important Portals | 754 |
| 320 | Important Notifications and Circulars | 756 |
| 321 | CBDT Guidelines Relevant to TDS and TCS | 758 |
| 322 | Comparative Table: Old Law and New Law | 760 |
| 323 | Section and Code Mapping Under the New Law | 762 |
| 324 | FAQs on TDS | 764 |
| 325 | FAQs on TCS | 766 |
| 326 | Common Mistakes and Practical Solutions | 768 |
| 327 | Frequently Litigated Issues | 770 |
| 328 | Practical Examples and Illustrations | 772 |
| 329 | Compliance Calendar for FY 2026-27 | 774 |
| 330 | Final Ready Reckoner for Tax Deductors and Collectors | 776 |
Additional information
| Publisher | Bharat |
|---|
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